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U. K. Sharma , D. Sapcota

Abstract

Objective: To examine the ethnoveterinary practice in Dhemaji district, Assam, India. Methods and materials: Field survey trials was used to collect data. Results and Conclusion: Altogether 35 numbers of herbal medicines that are used to treat various diseases by different ethnic groups of people of this district are discussed. Further studies are required to confirm the dosage of the herbs before these are commercially exploited.

Keywords

Ethnoveterinary, Indigenous, Dhemaji

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C. S. Sudan ¹, U. K. Sharma ¹, A. K. Sahni ¹, S. K. Shah ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, University of Jammu, Jammu-180 006, IN

Abstract

The Early Cambrian trace fossils Planolites, Skulithos, Psammichnites, Neonereites, Didymaulichnus, Monurnorphichnus, Dirnorphichnus, Diplichnites, Rusophycus and Cruzianu are described from the Kunzum La Formation (Haimanta Group) of the Pin section in Spiti valley. These trace fossils occur well below the body fossil zone reflecting their abundance at two stratigraphic levels. The Precambrian-Cambrian boundary could be well betow the earliest trace fossil horizon. The abundance of trace fossils at these two levels is a universd phenomenon in the Himalaya and indicates two acme zones with proliferation of vermiform organisms in the lower zone and arthropod forms in the upper zone.

Keywords

Palaeontology, Trace Fossils, Early Cambrian, Kunzum La Formation, Pin Section, Spiti Valley, Himachal Pradesh.

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C. S. Sudan ¹, U. K. Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 PG. Department of Geology, University of Jammu, Jammu-180 006, IN

Abstract

Trace fossils from Garbyang Formation of Kumaun have been reported from two stratigraphic levels. The lower horizon F1 comprises simple traces belonging to the ichnogenera Gordia, Chondrites, Margaritichnus, Skolithos, Cochlichnus and Bergaueria. The upper F2 horizon comprises advanced type of traces of arthropod origin i.e., Monomorphichnus, Dimorphichnus, Diplichnites and Kupwaria along with a few ichnofossils of F1 horizon. As in other Himalayan sections these trace fossil horizons are devoid of body fossils. But in Kumaun no well defined body fossils of Early Cambrian age comparable to Redlichia zone of Kashmir and Spiti have yet been reported apart from some fragmentary, genal spines of trilobites. The trace fossils are important for evaluating the metazoan evolution.

Keywords

Palaeontology, Trace Fossil, Garbyang Formation, Kumaun Himalaya.

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C. S. Sudan ¹, B. P. Singh ¹, U. K. Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, University of Jammu, Jammu - 180 006, IN

Abstract

The Murree Group is a cyclic succession of alternating argillaceous and arenaceous sediments. Trace fossils recovered from this succession include Chondrites isp., Cosmorhaphe fuchsi, Dendrotichnium cf. llarenai, Imbrichnus cf. wattonensis, Ophiomorpha isp., Planolites isp., Skolithos isp. and Thalassinoides isp. The ichnofauna suggests that the sediments of the Murree Group were deposited in coastal environments under brackish to fresh water conditions. The sandstone with Ophiomorpha was deposited in an estuarine channel whereas sandstone containing Costnorhaphe and small Thalassinoides was deposited on the levee-crest. Siltstones with Skolithos, Chondrites and Imbrichnus were deposited in the inter tidal zone whereas mudstones containing large Thalassinoides were deposited as mudflat 1 overbank sediments.

Keywords

Ichnofacies, Murree Group, Palaeogene, Jammu and Kashmir.

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Franklin F. R. Frederick ¹, U. K. Sharma ¹, V. K. Gupta ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, IN

Abstract

The article presents an experimental study on the influence of various end anchorage systems on the shear strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) T-beams using externally bonded fibre reinforced polymer (EB-FRP) composites. Two different end anchorage techniques namely self-end anchorage (SEA) and sandwich anchorage (SWA) were used. This study mainly focussed on evaluating the effectiveness of these anchorages to eliminate the conventional fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) debonding failure. A total of twelve R.C. T-beams with different strengthening techniques using CFRP including control beams were used. The test results show improved shear strength and better energy dissipation over conventional technique; this authenticates the influence of end anchorage and its effectiveness in improving shear resistance. Also, the enhanced FRP strain at failure proves that the anchorage employed improves the efficacy of FRP strengthening in terms of ductility and damage tolerance.

Keywords

CFRP Strengthening, External Bonded FRP, End Anchorage, Shear Behaviour.

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H. M. Swamy ¹, U. K. Sharma ¹, V. P. Luhach ¹, Joginder Malik ², D. S. Dahiya ³, Ram Niwas ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Economics, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana, IN
2 Department of Agricultural Extension, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana, IN
3 Department of Horticulture, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana, IN
4 Department of Sat & Physics, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

After the independence Indian agriculture focused mainly on the food security issues targeting more of food rains, but in the recent decades Indian agriculture able to meet food demand and became net food grain exporter, this was achieved from technology called green revolution, till then agriculture in India was of subsistence in nature but in the recent decades agricultural concern shifted from food grain crops to commercial or non-food grain crops to meet economic and financial demand of farmers. The results of the analysis indicated that Southern region witnessed composite entropy index value crossing 50 per cent in case of cereals (0.63) and total crop sector (0.62) during 2005-17 periods. While, Western region revealed an average of five periods composite entropy index of 0.53, 0.52 and 0.51 in case of total food grains, oilseeds and total crop sector. Northern region shown significant improvement in diversification index from 0.27 to 0.41 during 1955-65 to 1985-95. Thereafter, downfall in the diversification index was noticed. Exactly the reverse trend was seen in case of pulses and oilseeds. Commercial, fiber crops and over all crop sector revealed consistent increase in diversification index from 0.16 to 0.32, 0.21 to 0.29 and 0.40 to 0.49. In the eastern region cereals and pulses drawn the significant increase in diversification index value from 0.35 to 0.49 and 0.42 to 0.54 during study period. North eastern region all crop groups have showcased remarkable progress in terms of diversification index which was 0.24 to 0.46 in cereals, 0.01 to 0.47 in pulses, 0.24 to 0.46 in total food grains, 0.06 to 0.42 in oilseeds, 0.10 to 0.19 in commercial crops, 0.12 to 0.34 in fiber crops and 0.41 to 0.43 during study period. At all India level composite entropy index for cereals, pulses, oilseeds and fiber crops have shown a slight improvement, but commercial and over all crop sector have witnessed significant improvement having diversification value of 0.22 to 0.46 and 0.42 to 0.51 for commercial and overall crop sectors, respectively. Thereby, clarifying a clear message of diversification going on towards commercial crops, at the same time maintaining area under other crops as well, this might be due to increased cropping intensity and other such factors.

Keywords

Crop Diversification, Composite Entropy Index, Temporal, Spatial.

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